| Space · AND |
Search for data that contains both search terms. |
lung cancer
→ Search for data that contains both "lung" and "cancer".
|
| | · OR |
Search for data that contains either of the two search terms (at least one). |
|
lung | cancer
→ Search for data that contains either "lung" or "cancer".
breast cancer | lung cancer → data containing either phrase (spaces bind before |).
|
| ! · NOT · - |
Exclude a specific term.
Exclude data that contains the term after !, NOT or a leading - (applies to the whole query). |
|
lung !cancer
→ Search for data that contains "lung" but excludes "cancer".
|
| [ ] · " " |
Search for data that exactly matches the phrase within square brackets or double quotes.
IUPAC name search, long phrase search |
|
[lung cancer]
→ Search for data that exactly matches the phrase "lung cancer".
|
| ( ) |
Grouping/precedence operator for complex queries. |
|
(bio
(lung | cancer)
)
→ Search for data that contains either "lung" or "cancer" and also contains "bio".
|
| * |
Partial match using a wildcard.
Search for data that matches the pattern where * represents zero or more characters. |
|
canc*
→ Search for data that contains terms starting with "canc", such as "cancer" or "cancers".
|
| Precedence |
[ ] · " " · ( ) → ! → space (AND) → | (OR)
e.g. breast cancer | lung cancer → either phrase / (lung | cancer) mouse → lung or cancer, and mouse / lung | cancer !mouse → mouse is excluded from all |
